Philadelphia Pa Attorneys Probate

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Intro

Powers of Attorney are documents that convey legal authority (to the Pa Principal) to act in the name of another person (Pa Agent) for his or her health and welfare. A Pa Power of Attorney can grant broad authority or be very limited in scope. I help you prepare for contingencies based on the specific circumstances surrounding you and your loved one.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Purposes

A Pa Power of Attorney grants your Pa Agent (Fiduciary) the ability to control all of your affairs. It is a very powerful document; it permits your Pa Agent the broadest of powers to do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all of your money away).

Yet, inherent in the broad powers that your Pa Agent possesses is the possibility – the extremely real possibility – that your Agent under your Power of Attorney may actually do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all your money away).

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Fiduciary Traits

Your Agent should be able and willing, first and foremost.
Your Agent should also be levelheaded and familiar.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Notice

Be aware that a Power of Attorney must comply with Pennsylvania’s Power of Attorney laws (April, 2000), and begin with a Notice page. The Notice page must be in capital letters. The Notice page explains and warns the rules surrounding the immense power of a Power of Attorney and the corresponding authority of the Agent.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Caution

If you executed a Power of Attorney prior to that date (April, 2000), and the Power of Attorney does not contain the Notice page, it is defective and will most likely cause more problems that it should be able to solve.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Warning

Pennsylvania Estate Law, Estate Planning, Estate Administration, Fiduciary Accounting, and Fiduciary Taxation are extremely complex areas of law.

“The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter – it’s the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning.” (Mark Twain).

Whether you are a Pa Agent (under a Pa Power of Attorney), a Pa Surrogate (under a Pa Living Will), a Pa Trustee (under a Pa Trust), and/or (most importantly) a Pa Executor (under a Pa Last Will), you will ultimately be responsible for any and all problems, mistakes, and unpaid taxes. Please also be aware that, when it comes to tax returns that were not filed, there is no statute of limitations – meaning that you could receive notice that taxes were due, but not paid, and are still currently due.

Lastly, and most importantly, if you retained a professional (i.e., a lawyer, an accountant, etc.), call that professional and ask them what is the status of anything with which they assisted you. They should be able to give you accurate, precise, and immediate answers to any of your concerns.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – HIPAA

Congress enacted The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) on August 21, 1996. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is enormous and complex.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Concerns

One of its critical concerns was protecting the privacy of the average American citizen. Prior to HIPAA’s enactment, medical records had become increasingly accessible as a result of technological advances that contributed widespread information sharing.

HIPAA targeted the potential for fraudulent or improper disclosure and transmission of medical records. In doing so HIPAA has created a challenge for lawyers in Pennsylvania who seek to protect the rights of clients who need to exercise Powers of Attorney for their loved ones within the HIPAA environment.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – The Privacy Rules

One of HIPAA’s requirements was the establishment of the Privacy Rules.

Prior to the HIPAA Privacy Rules (which were enacted in their current form on August 14, 2002), there was a confusing mélange of federal and state laws to govern the transmission of, and access to, health information.

Under these pre-existing laws, an individual’s health information could be shared freely between doctors, hospitals, insurers, and third party payers, without either notice to, or authorization from, the individual.

Consequently, the HIPAA Privacy Rules set federal minimum standards for the disclosure of an individual’s private health information.  The rules attempt to strike a balance between the necessary disclosures of health care information and the privacy interests of those who seek medical care.

Given that the health care marketplace is diverse, the rules are designed to be flexible and comprehensive to cover the variety of uses and disclosures that need to be addressed.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Powers of Attorney

A Pa Power of Attorney is a document that convey legal authority (to the Pa Principal) to act in the name of another person (Pa Agent) for his or her health and welfare.

Historically, health care providers have accepted Powers of Attorney readily, without questioning their validity.

In the post-HIPAA world, however, one can expect a higher level of scrutiny. In fact, the HIPAA Privacy Rules can potentially create a conflict with respect to the traditional language of Powers of Attorney. Thus, to be effective, Powers of Attorney should be drafted to comply with the requirements of the Privacy Rules.

The Privacy Rules protect all individually identifiable health information (defined as Protected Health Information or PHI) of an individual held or transmitted by covered entities (defined as health care providers who transmit any health information in electronic form).

Although the Privacy Rules allow certain uses and disclosures of such information without the consent of the Individual or that Individual’s Personal Representative (defined as a person who has the present authority to make health care decisions for that Individual), the HIPAA Privacy Rules, with few exceptions, proscribe the disclosure of PHI unless the Individual or the Personal Representative authorizes it in writing.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Granting of Authority

Pa Powers of Attorney are designed to allow an individual the ability to grant authority to another in order to allow the Pa Agent to act on behalf of the Principal.

They can be drafted to be effective now (current powers) or effective in the future occurrence of a specific event (springing powers).

Pennsylvania law (20 Pa.C.S. § 5602(h) and (i)) allows the Principal under the Power of Attorney to grant the Agent the power to authorize “my admission to a medical, nursing, residential or similar facility and to enter into agreements for my care and the power to authorize medical and surgical procedures.”

While Powers of Attorney can be drafted to provide for a wide variety of situations, this article is limited to the impact that the Privacy Rules have on General Durable Powers of Attorney that are presently effective.

If a Power of Attorney grants the Agent the present ability to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal, the Agent qualifies as the Personal Representative under the HIPAA Privacy Rules.

However, if a Power of Attorney does not grant the Agent the present ability to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal to the Agent, the Agent is not considered the Personal Representative under the HIPAA Privacy Rules, regardless of the scope of the health and medical authority otherwise granted to the Agent.

In order to be effective under HIPAA, the specific authority granted to the Personal Representative (Agent) under the state defined Power of Attorney rules thus must be consistent with the definition of Personal Representative under the federally defined HIPAA Privacy Rules.

Under the Privacy Rules, a Power of Attorney that is intended to allow the Personal Representative (Pa Agent) the power to access medical records, to authorize information disclosures, and to participate in medical decisions on behalf of the Principal, but not drafted to allow the Personal Representative (Agent) the presently effective power to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal, may be technically deficient.

Consequently, the Pa Agent may lack the critical necessary powers to act on behalf of the Principal in time of need.

Although some health care professionals may rely upon a Power of Attorney that is not drafted to comply with the Privacy Rules, they do so at their own peril.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – The Effective Clause

To address this issue of presently effective powers, I use the following clause in clients’ Durable General Powers of Attorney, as well as in Advance Directives for Health Care:

“to have and utilize the presently effective power and authority to act in accordance with and pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), its attendant Privacy Rules, 45 CFR Part 164, and/or other federal and state legislation, by having the presently effective power and authority to make any and all health care decisions on my behalf; to give informed consent for any and all health care decisions on my behalf; to be deemed to be my Personal Representative; to act in any and all matters as my Personal Representative; to obtain any and all of my Protected Health Information; to consent to the disclosure and use of any and all of my Protected Health Information; and to have the presently effective power and authority to effectuate any and all of the above.”

Please remember that this article is limited to the impact that the HIPAA Privacy Rules have on General Durable Powers of Attorney that are presently effective.

In light of the fact that the determination of capacity is central to the effectiveness of a Pa Power of Attorney (as well as to many other legal documents), the HIPAA Privacy Rules should not create problems for health care purposes if the Pa Agent possesses the presently effective ability to make health care decisions on behalf of a Pa Principal.  With a properly drafted Pa Power of Attorney, if the Principal becomes incapacitated, the authority of the Agent is not interrupted.

Conversely, the authority of the Pa Agent will be interrupted if the Pa Power of Attorney is not presently effective and a determination of capacity is required to be made.  This situation exists, for example, when an Pa Agent is to act under a Springing Power of Attorney or when a Successor Trustee is to act under a Trust Agreement.

As these scenarios are outside the realm of this article, I would suggest referring to the article, HIPAA-POA: The Effect on Healthcare Power of Attorney by Stephen H. Frishberg, Esquire. This article is contained in the PBI Publication No. 2004-3355, 11th Annual Estate Law Institute.

Stay ahead of the HIPAA Privacy Rules

Estate planners must stay ahead of the basic definitions and tenets of the HIPAA Privacy Rules.

Knowledge of the precise meanings of Protected Health Information, Personal Representative, and other HIPAA terms, and how they impact our practice are fundamental to our role as counselors.

A Power of Attorney is a highly effective document when drafted correctly.

Only with the proper wording in light of HIPAA, the Privacy Rules, and the changing practice of today’s health care profession, will the Power of Attorney remain the powerful tool it is mean to be.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Misconceptions

A common misconception is that a Power of Attorney eliminates your ability to act for yourself. Quite to the contrary, and until you are deemed to be incapacitated, a Power of Attorney should properly be viewed as a “shared authority.” After you have executed a Power of Attorney, you still retain all of the powers and decision-making abilities that you possessed beforehand, including the power to revoke the Power of Attorney.

Another common misconception is that your Agent needs your permission to act. Quite to the contrary, a Power of Attorney is a very powerful document. It permits your Agent the broadest of powers to do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all of your money away), and, inherent in the broad powers that your Agent possesses is the possibility – the extremely real possibility – that your Agent under your Power of Attorney may actually do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all your money away).

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Three Areas

• Financial management
• Representation for legal matters
• Authority to make medical decisions

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Financial management

When your loved one is incapacitated, bills and taxes still come due. Your loved one may have financial assets, such as stocks, stock options, bonds, or royalties, which require oversight. Having the authority to manage your loved one’s finances if necessary provides greater financial security. Older adults who are forgetful or susceptible to phone scams can also benefit from a loved one overseeing their bank accounts.

To protect your loved ones, you need clear legal authority to make decisions if they are unable to do so. John B. Whalen, Jr. Esq. can help you draft and execute Pa Power of Attorney documents so you can be certain about your authority when a loved one needs you most.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Representation for legal matters

Small business owners and individuals involved in litigation are faced with numerous choices. These decisions, which must often be made on a daily basis, can have serious consequences. Even if your loved one is not ready to step away from day-to-day management of business and legal matters, executing power of attorney is a prudent contingency plan.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Authority to make medical decisions

When a medical crisis strikes, many families are unsure about the extent of lifesaving treatment the injured or ill person would have wanted. Every adult should have a medical directive explaining their wishes clearly and specifying someone to carry out their desires when they can’t communicate.

Ardmore Pa Powers of Attorney – Reluctant Seniors

Sudden illness or injury can leave anyone totally incapacitated. Or, the infirmities of age can compromise an older adult’s ability to fully function independently. Under such circumstances, concerned loved ones may feel compelled to act, but may lack the legal authority to do so. This can delay essential care, threatening your loved one’s health and welfare when he or she is most vulnerable.

It can be difficult to talk to a senior loved one about the need for power of attorney documents. Many are loathe to admit they may need assistance, especially from their children, and are uncomfortable even considering a reversal of roles which puts them under their children’s authority. I am very familiar with this dynamic, and can advise you on effective ways to broach the subject with your elder loved ones.

A loved one’s illness, injury or infirmity can leave them vulnerable to financial losses and serious threats to their health. A carefully drafted power of attorney can give you and your loved one greater peace of mind.

Related Posts

• The Norristown Deed Lawyer
• The Lancaster Deed Lawyer
• The Scranton Deed Lawyer
• The Reading Deed Lawyer
• The Erie Deed Lawyer

John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 8 Longwood Drive Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements. Mr. Whalen has achieved the AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent award from Martindale, AV Peer Judicial Preeminent award, the Avvo Rated Superb 10.00 award, the Avvo Rated Top Lawyer award, the Clients’ Choice Award, and the Top One Percent (1%) award. He is the recipient of the Legum Magister Post-Doctorate Degree (LL.M.) in Taxation (from the Villanova University School of Law), a recipient of the American Jurisprudence Award in Wills, Trusts, and Estates (from the Widener University School of Law), and a recipient of the ABA-BNA Law Award for Academic Excellence (from the Widener University School of Law).

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Intro

Powers of Attorney are documents that convey legal authority (to the Pa Principal) to act in the name of another person (Pa Agent) for his or her health and welfare. A Pa Power of Attorney can grant broad authority or be very limited in scope. I help you prepare for contingencies based on the specific circumstances surrounding you and your loved one.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Purposes

A Pa Power of Attorney grants your Pa Agent (Fiduciary) the ability to control all of your affairs. It is a very powerful document; it permits your Pa Agent the broadest of powers to do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all of your money away).

Yet, inherent in the broad powers that your Pa Agent possesses is the possibility – the extremely real possibility – that your Agent under your Power of Attorney may actually do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all your money away).

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Fiduciary Traits

Your Agent should be able and willing, first and foremost.
Your Agent should also be levelheaded and familiar.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Notice

Be aware that a Power of Attorney must comply with Pennsylvania’s Power of Attorney laws (April, 2000), and begin with a Notice page. The Notice page must be in capital letters. The Notice page explains and warns the rules surrounding the immense power of a Power of Attorney and the corresponding authority of the Agent.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Caution

If you executed a Power of Attorney prior to that date (April, 2000), and the Power of Attorney does not contain the Notice page, it is defective and will most likely cause more problems that it should be able to solve.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Warning

Pennsylvania Estate Law, Estate Planning, Estate Administration, Fiduciary Accounting, and Fiduciary Taxation are extremely complex areas of law.

“The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter – it’s the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning.” (Mark Twain).

Whether you are a Pa Agent (under a Pa Power of Attorney), a Pa Surrogate (under a Pa Living Will), a Pa Trustee (under a Pa Trust), and/or (most importantly) a Pa Executor (under a Pa Last Will), you will ultimately be responsible for any and all problems, mistakes, and unpaid taxes. Please also be aware that, when it comes to tax returns that were not filed, there is no statute of limitations – meaning that you could receive notice that taxes were due, but not paid, and are still currently due.

Lastly, and most importantly, if you retained a professional (i.e., a lawyer, an accountant, etc.), call that professional and ask them what is the status of anything with which they assisted you. They should be able to give you accurate, precise, and immediate answers to any of your concerns.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – HIPAA

Congress enacted The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) on August 21, 1996. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is enormous and complex.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Concerns

One of its critical concerns was protecting the privacy of the average American citizen. Prior to HIPAA’s enactment, medical records had become increasingly accessible as a result of technological advances that contributed widespread information sharing.

HIPAA targeted the potential for fraudulent or improper disclosure and transmission of medical records. In doing so HIPAA has created a challenge for lawyers in Pennsylvania who seek to protect the rights of clients who need to exercise Powers of Attorney for their loved ones within the HIPAA environment.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – The Privacy Rules

One of HIPAA’s requirements was the establishment of the Privacy Rules.

Prior to the HIPAA Privacy Rules (which were enacted in their current form on August 14, 2002), there was a confusing mélange of federal and state laws to govern the transmission of, and access to, health information.

Under these pre-existing laws, an individual’s health information could be shared freely between doctors, hospitals, insurers, and third party payers, without either notice to, or authorization from, the individual.

Consequently, the HIPAA Privacy Rules set federal minimum standards for the disclosure of an individual’s private health information.  The rules attempt to strike a balance between the necessary disclosures of health care information and the privacy interests of those who seek medical care.

Given that the health care marketplace is diverse, the rules are designed to be flexible and comprehensive to cover the variety of uses and disclosures that need to be addressed.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Powers of Attorney

A Pa Power of Attorney is a document that convey legal authority (to the Pa Principal) to act in the name of another person (Pa Agent) for his or her health and welfare.

Historically, health care providers have accepted Powers of Attorney readily, without questioning their validity.

In the post-HIPAA world, however, one can expect a higher level of scrutiny. In fact, the HIPAA Privacy Rules can potentially create a conflict with respect to the traditional language of Powers of Attorney. Thus, to be effective, Powers of Attorney should be drafted to comply with the requirements of the Privacy Rules.

The Privacy Rules protect all individually identifiable health information (defined as Protected Health Information or PHI) of an individual held or transmitted by covered entities (defined as health care providers who transmit any health information in electronic form).

Although the Privacy Rules allow certain uses and disclosures of such information without the consent of the Individual or that Individual’s Personal Representative (defined as a person who has the present authority to make health care decisions for that Individual), the HIPAA Privacy Rules, with few exceptions, proscribe the disclosure of PHI unless the Individual or the Personal Representative authorizes it in writing.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Granting of Authority

Pa Powers of Attorney are designed to allow an individual the ability to grant authority to another in order to allow the Pa Agent to act on behalf of the Principal.

They can be drafted to be effective now (current powers) or effective in the future occurrence of a specific event (springing powers).

Pennsylvania law (20 Pa.C.S. § 5602(h) and (i)) allows the Principal under the Power of Attorney to grant the Agent the power to authorize “my admission to a medical, nursing, residential or similar facility and to enter into agreements for my care and the power to authorize medical and surgical procedures.”

While Powers of Attorney can be drafted to provide for a wide variety of situations, this article is limited to the impact that the Privacy Rules have on General Durable Powers of Attorney that are presently effective.

If a Power of Attorney grants the Agent the present ability to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal, the Agent qualifies as the Personal Representative under the HIPAA Privacy Rules.

However, if a Power of Attorney does not grant the Agent the present ability to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal to the Agent, the Agent is not considered the Personal Representative under the HIPAA Privacy Rules, regardless of the scope of the health and medical authority otherwise granted to the Agent.

In order to be effective under HIPAA, the specific authority granted to the Personal Representative (Agent) under the state defined Power of Attorney rules thus must be consistent with the definition of Personal Representative under the federally defined HIPAA Privacy Rules.

Under the Privacy Rules, a Power of Attorney that is intended to allow the Personal Representative (Pa Agent) the power to access medical records, to authorize information disclosures, and to participate in medical decisions on behalf of the Principal, but not drafted to allow the Personal Representative (Agent) the presently effective power to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal, may be technically deficient.

Consequently, the Pa Agent may lack the critical necessary powers to act on behalf of the Principal in time of need.

Although some health care professionals may rely upon a Power of Attorney that is not drafted to comply with the Privacy Rules, they do so at their own peril.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – The Effective Clause

To address this issue of presently effective powers, I use the following clause in clients’ Durable General Powers of Attorney, as well as in Advance Directives for Health Care:

“to have and utilize the presently effective power and authority to act in accordance with and pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), its attendant Privacy Rules, 45 CFR Part 164, and/or other federal and state legislation, by having the presently effective power and authority to make any and all health care decisions on my behalf; to give informed consent for any and all health care decisions on my behalf; to be deemed to be my Personal Representative; to act in any and all matters as my Personal Representative; to obtain any and all of my Protected Health Information; to consent to the disclosure and use of any and all of my Protected Health Information; and to have the presently effective power and authority to effectuate any and all of the above.”

Please remember that this article is limited to the impact that the HIPAA Privacy Rules have on General Durable Powers of Attorney that are presently effective.

In light of the fact that the determination of capacity is central to the effectiveness of a Pa Power of Attorney (as well as to many other legal documents), the HIPAA Privacy Rules should not create problems for health care purposes if the Pa Agent possesses the presently effective ability to make health care decisions on behalf of a Pa Principal.  With a properly drafted Pa Power of Attorney, if the Principal becomes incapacitated, the authority of the Agent is not interrupted.

Conversely, the authority of the Pa Agent will be interrupted if the Pa Power of Attorney is not presently effective and a determination of capacity is required to be made.  This situation exists, for example, when an Pa Agent is to act under a Springing Power of Attorney or when a Successor Trustee is to act under a Trust Agreement.

As these scenarios are outside the realm of this article, I would suggest referring to the article, HIPAA-POA: The Effect on Healthcare Power of Attorney by Stephen H. Frishberg, Esquire. This article is contained in the PBI Publication No. 2004-3355, 11th Annual Estate Law Institute.

Stay ahead of the HIPAA Privacy Rules

Estate planners must stay ahead of the basic definitions and tenets of the HIPAA Privacy Rules.

Knowledge of the precise meanings of Protected Health Information, Personal Representative, and other HIPAA terms, and how they impact our practice are fundamental to our role as counselors.

A Power of Attorney is a highly effective document when drafted correctly.

Only with the proper wording in light of HIPAA, the Privacy Rules, and the changing practice of today’s health care profession, will the Power of Attorney remain the powerful tool it is mean to be.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Misconceptions

A common misconception is that a Power of Attorney eliminates your ability to act for yourself. Quite to the contrary, and until you are deemed to be incapacitated, a Power of Attorney should properly be viewed as a “shared authority.” After you have executed a Power of Attorney, you still retain all of the powers and decision-making abilities that you possessed beforehand, including the power to revoke the Power of Attorney.

Another common misconception is that your Agent needs your permission to act. Quite to the contrary, a Power of Attorney is a very powerful document. It permits your Agent the broadest of powers to do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all of your money away), and, inherent in the broad powers that your Agent possesses is the possibility – the extremely real possibility – that your Agent under your Power of Attorney may actually do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all your money away).

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Three Areas

• Financial management
• Representation for legal matters
• Authority to make medical decisions

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Financial management

When your loved one is incapacitated, bills and taxes still come due. Your loved one may have financial assets, such as stocks, stock options, bonds, or royalties, which require oversight. Having the authority to manage your loved one’s finances if necessary provides greater financial security. Older adults who are forgetful or susceptible to phone scams can also benefit from a loved one overseeing their bank accounts.

To protect your loved ones, you need clear legal authority to make decisions if they are unable to do so. John B. Whalen, Jr. Esq. can help you draft and execute Pa Power of Attorney documents so you can be certain about your authority when a loved one needs you most.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Representation for legal matters

Small business owners and individuals involved in litigation are faced with numerous choices. These decisions, which must often be made on a daily basis, can have serious consequences. Even if your loved one is not ready to step away from day-to-day management of business and legal matters, executing power of attorney is a prudent contingency plan.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Authority to make medical decisions

When a medical crisis strikes, many families are unsure about the extent of lifesaving treatment the injured or ill person would have wanted. Every adult should have a medical directive explaining their wishes clearly and specifying someone to carry out their desires when they can’t communicate.

Paoli Pa Powers of Attorney – Reluctant Seniors

Sudden illness or injury can leave anyone totally incapacitated. Or, the infirmities of age can compromise an older adult’s ability to fully function independently. Under such circumstances, concerned loved ones may feel compelled to act, but may lack the legal authority to do so. This can delay essential care, threatening your loved one’s health and welfare when he or she is most vulnerable.

It can be difficult to talk to a senior loved one about the need for power of attorney documents. Many are loathe to admit they may need assistance, especially from their children, and are uncomfortable even considering a reversal of roles which puts them under their children’s authority. I am very familiar with this dynamic, and can advise you on effective ways to broach the subject with your elder loved ones.

A loved one’s illness, injury or infirmity can leave them vulnerable to financial losses and serious threats to their health. A carefully drafted power of attorney can give you and your loved one greater peace of mind.

Related Posts

• The Norristown Deed Lawyer
• The Lancaster Deed Lawyer
• The Scranton Deed Lawyer
• The Reading Deed Lawyer
• The Erie Deed Lawyer

John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 8 Longwood Drive Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements. Mr. Whalen has achieved the AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent award from Martindale, AV Peer Judicial Preeminent award, the Avvo Rated Superb 10.00 award, the Avvo Rated Top Lawyer award, the Clients’ Choice Award, and the Top One Percent (1%) award. He is the recipient of the Legum Magister Post-Doctorate Degree (LL.M.) in Taxation (from the Villanova University School of Law), a recipient of the American Jurisprudence Award in Wills, Trusts, and Estates (from the Widener University School of Law), and a recipient of the ABA-BNA Law Award for Academic Excellence (from the Widener University School of Law).

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Intro

Powers of Attorney are documents that convey legal authority (to the Pa Principal) to act in the name of another person (Pa Agent) for his or her health and welfare. A Pa Power of Attorney can grant broad authority or be very limited in scope. I help you prepare for contingencies based on the specific circumstances surrounding you and your loved one.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Document Purposes

A Pa Power of Attorney grants your Pa Agent (Fiduciary) the ability to control all of your affairs. It is a very powerful document; it permits your Pa Agent the broadest of powers to do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all of your money away).

Yet, inherent in the broad powers that your Pa Agent possesses is the possibility – the extremely real possibility – that your Agent under your Power of Attorney may actually do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all your money away).

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Fiduciary Traits

Your Agent should be able and willing, first and foremost.
Your Agent should also be levelheaded and familiar.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Notice

Be aware that a Power of Attorney must comply with Pennsylvania’s Power of Attorney laws (April, 2000), and begin with a Notice page.

The Notice page must be in capital letters.

The Notice page explains and warns the rules surrounding the immense power of a Power of Attorney and the corresponding authority of the Agent.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Caution

If you executed a Power of Attorney prior to that date (April, 2000), and the Power of Attorney does not contain the Notice page, it is defective and will most likely cause more problems that it should be able to solve.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Warning

Pennsylvania Estate Law, Estate Planning, Estate Administration, Fiduciary Accounting, and Fiduciary Taxation are extremely complex areas of law.

“The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter – it’s the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning.” (Mark Twain).

Whether you are a Pa Agent (under a Pa Power of Attorney), a Pa Surrogate (under a Pa Living Will), a Pa Trustee (under a Pa Trust), and/or (most importantly) a Pa Executor (under a Pa Last Will), you will ultimately be responsible for any and all problems, mistakes, and unpaid taxes.

Please also be aware that, when it comes to tax returns that were not filed, there is no statute of limitations – meaning that you could receive notice that taxes were due, but not paid, and are still currently due.

Lastly, and most importantly, if you retained a professional (i.e., a lawyer, an accountant, etc.), call that professional and ask them what is the status of anything with which they assisted you. They should be able to give you accurate, precise, and immediate answers to any of your concerns.

If they do not, please be forewarned.

You may want to seek assistance elsewhere.

In keeping with Mark Twain’s quote, let’s try to separate the lightning bugs from the lightning.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – HIPAA

HIPAA is vast.

Congress enacted The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) on August 21, 1996. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is enormous and complex.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Concerns

One of its critical concerns was protecting the privacy of the average American citizen. Prior to HIPAA’s enactment, medical records had become increasingly accessible as a result of technological advances that contributed widespread information sharing.

HIPAA targeted the potential for fraudulent or improper disclosure and transmission of medical records. In doing so HIPAA has created a challenge for lawyers in Pennsylvania who seek to protect the rights of clients who need to exercise Powers of Attorney for their loved ones within the HIPAA environment.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – The Privacy Rules

One of HIPAA’s requirements was the establishment of the Privacy Rules.

Prior to the HIPAA Privacy Rules (which were enacted in their current form on August 14, 2002), there was a confusing mélange of federal and state laws to govern the transmission of, and access to, health information.

Under these pre-existing laws, an individual’s health information could be shared freely between doctors, hospitals, insurers, and third party payers, without either notice to, or authorization from, the individual.

Consequently, the HIPAA Privacy Rules set federal minimum standards for the disclosure of an individual’s private health information.  The rules attempt to strike a balance between the necessary disclosures of health care information and the privacy interests of those who seek medical care.

Given that the health care marketplace is diverse, the rules are designed to be flexible and comprehensive to cover the variety of uses and disclosures that need to be addressed.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Powers of Attorney

A Pa Power of Attorney is a document that convey legal authority (to the Pa Principal) to act in the name of another person (Pa Agent) for his or her health and welfare.

Historically, health care providers have accepted Powers of Attorney readily, without questioning their validity.

In the post-HIPAA world, however, one can expect a higher level of scrutiny. In fact, the HIPAA Privacy Rules can potentially create a conflict with respect to the traditional language of Powers of Attorney. Thus, to be effective, Powers of Attorney should be drafted to comply with the requirements of the Privacy Rules.

The Privacy Rules protect all individually identifiable health information (defined as Protected Health Information or PHI) of an individual held or transmitted by covered entities (defined as health care providers who transmit any health information in electronic form).

Although the Privacy Rules allow certain uses and disclosures of such information without the consent of the Individual or that Individual’s Personal Representative (defined as a person who has the present authority to make health care decisions for that Individual), the HIPAA Privacy Rules, with few exceptions, proscribe the disclosure of PHI unless the Individual or the Personal Representative authorizes it in writing.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Granting of Authority

Pa Powers of Attorney are designed to allow an individual the ability to grant authority to another in order to allow the Pa Agent to act on behalf of the Principal.

They can be drafted to be effective now (current powers) or effective in the future occurrence of a specific event (springing powers).

Pennsylvania law (20 Pa.C.S. § 5602(h) and (i)) allows the Principal under the Power of Attorney to grant the Agent the power to authorize “my admission to a medical, nursing, residential or similar facility and to enter into agreements for my care and the power to authorize medical and surgical procedures.”

While Powers of Attorney can be drafted to provide for a wide variety of situations, this article is limited to the impact that the Privacy Rules have on General Durable Powers of Attorney that are presently effective.

If a Power of Attorney grants the Agent the present ability to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal, the Agent qualifies as the Personal Representative under the HIPAA Privacy Rules.

However, if a Power of Attorney does not grant the Agent the present ability to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal to the Agent, the Agent is not considered the Personal Representative under the HIPAA Privacy Rules, regardless of the scope of the health and medical authority otherwise granted to the Agent.

In order to be effective under HIPAA, the specific authority granted to the Personal Representative (Agent) under the state defined Power of Attorney rules thus must be consistent with the definition of Personal Representative under the federally defined HIPAA Privacy Rules.

Under the Privacy Rules, a Power of Attorney that is intended to allow the Personal Representative (Pa Agent) the power to access medical records, to authorize information disclosures, and to participate in medical decisions on behalf of the Principal, but not drafted to allow the Personal Representative (Agent) the presently effective power to make health care decisions on behalf of the Principal, may be technically deficient.

Consequently, the Pa Agent may lack the critical necessary powers to act on behalf of the Principal in time of need.

Although some health care professionals may rely upon a Power of Attorney that is not drafted to comply with the Privacy Rules, they do so at their own peril.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – The Effective Clause

To address this issue of presently effective powers, I use the following clause in clients’ Durable General Powers of Attorney, as well as in Advance Directives for Health Care:

“to have and utilize the presently effective power and authority to act in accordance with and pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), its attendant Privacy Rules, 45 CFR Part 164, and/or other federal and state legislation, by having the presently effective power and authority to make any and all health care decisions on my behalf; to give informed consent for any and all health care decisions on my behalf; to be deemed to be my Personal Representative; to act in any and all matters as my Personal Representative; to obtain any and all of my Protected Health Information; to consent to the disclosure and use of any and all of my Protected Health Information; and to have the presently effective power and authority to effectuate any and all of the above.”

Please remember that this article is limited to the impact that the HIPAA Privacy Rules have on General Durable Powers of Attorney that are presently effective.

In light of the fact that the determination of capacity is central to the effectiveness of a Pa Power of Attorney (as well as to many other legal documents), the HIPAA Privacy Rules should not create problems for health care purposes if the Pa Agent possesses the presently effective ability to make health care decisions on behalf of a Pa Principal.  With a properly drafted Pa Power of Attorney, if the Principal becomes incapacitated, the authority of the Agent is not interrupted.

Conversely, the authority of the Pa Agent will be interrupted if the Pa Power of Attorney is not presently effective and a determination of capacity is required to be made.  This situation exists, for example, when an Pa Agent is to act under a Springing Power of Attorney or when a Successor Trustee is to act under a Trust Agreement.

As these scenarios are outside the realm of this article, I would suggest referring to the article, HIPAA-POA: The Effect on Healthcare Power of Attorney by Stephen H. Frishberg, Esquire. This article is contained in the PBI Publication No. 2004-3355, 11th Annual Estate Law Institute.

Stay ahead of the HIPAA Privacy Rules

Estate planners must stay ahead of the basic definitions and tenets of the HIPAA Privacy Rules.

Knowledge of the precise meanings of Protected Health Information, Personal Representative, and other HIPAA terms, and how they impact our practice are fundamental to our role as counselors.

A Power of Attorney is a highly effective document when drafted correctly.

Only with the proper wording in light of HIPAA, the Privacy Rules, and the changing practice of today’s health care profession, will the Power of Attorney remain the powerful tool it is mean to be.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Misconceptions

A common misconception is that a Power of Attorney eliminates your ability to act for yourself. Quite to the contrary, and until you are deemed to be incapacitated, a Power of Attorney should properly be viewed as a “shared authority.” After you have executed a Power of Attorney, you still retain all of the powers and decision-making abilities that you possessed beforehand, including the power to revoke the Power of Attorney.

Another common misconception is that your Agent needs your permission to act. Quite to the contrary, a Power of Attorney is a very powerful document. It permits your Agent the broadest of powers to do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all of your money away), and, inherent in the broad powers that your Agent possesses is the possibility – the extremely real possibility – that your Agent under your Power of Attorney may actually do anything that you could have done (i.e., give all your money away).

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Three Areas

• Financial management
• Representation for legal matters
• Authority to make medical decisions

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Financial management

When your loved one is incapacitated, bills and taxes still come due. Your loved one may have financial assets, such as stocks, stock options, bonds, or royalties, which require oversight. Having the authority to manage your loved one’s finances if necessary provides greater financial security. Older adults who are forgetful or susceptible to phone scams can also benefit from a loved one overseeing their bank accounts.

To protect your loved ones, you need clear legal authority to make decisions if they are unable to do so. John B. Whalen, Jr. Esq. can help you draft and execute Pa Power of Attorney documents so you can be certain about your authority when a loved one needs you most.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Representation for legal matters

Small business owners and individuals involved in litigation are faced with numerous choices. These decisions, which must often be made on a daily basis, can have serious consequences. Even if your loved one is not ready to step away from day-to-day management of business and legal matters, executing power of attorney is a prudent contingency plan.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Authority to make medical decisions

When a medical crisis strikes, many families are unsure about the extent of lifesaving treatment the injured or ill person would have wanted. Every adult should have a medical directive explaining their wishes clearly and specifying someone to carry out their desires when they can’t communicate.

Gladwyne Pa Powers of Attorney – Reluctant Seniors

Sudden illness or injury can leave anyone totally incapacitated. Or, the infirmities of age can compromise an older adult’s ability to fully function independently. Under such circumstances, concerned loved ones may feel compelled to act, but may lack the legal authority to do so. This can delay essential care, threatening your loved one’s health and welfare when he or she is most vulnerable.

It can be difficult to talk to a senior loved one about the need for power of attorney documents. Many are loathe to admit they may need assistance, especially from their children, and are uncomfortable even considering a reversal of roles which puts them under their children’s authority. I am very familiar with this dynamic, and can advise you on effective ways to broach the subject with your elder loved ones.

A loved one’s illness, injury or infirmity can leave them vulnerable to financial losses and serious threats to their health. A carefully drafted power of attorney can give you and your loved one greater peace of mind.

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John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 8 Longwood Drive Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements. Mr. Whalen has achieved the AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent award from Martindale, AV Peer Judicial Preeminent award, the Avvo Rated Superb 10.00 award, the Avvo Rated Top Lawyer award, the Clients’ Choice Award, and the Top One Percent (1%) award. He is the recipient of the Legum Magister Post-Doctorate Degree (LL.M.) in Taxation (from the Villanova University School of Law), a recipient of the American Jurisprudence Award in Wills, Trusts, and Estates (from the Widener University School of Law), and a recipient of the ABA-BNA Law Award for Academic Excellence (from the Widener University School of Law).

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Introduction

There are circumstances when the appointment of a guardian is unavoidable. As there are simpler alternatives to a Pa Guardianship, one should only initiate guardianship proceedings after a problem has been identified for which there is no alternative solution.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Statute

A Pennsylvania court may appoint a “guardian of the person” for an individual who lives in Pennsylvania and a “guardian of the estate” for a person who has property in Pennsylvania if it determines after a hearing that the individual is “incapacitated” (previously referred to as “incompetent”).

An incapacitated person is: [A]n adult whose ability to of an appropriate court therefore.” 50 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 4417(c). This provision has been construed to apply to health care decisions that involve procedures other than “elective surgery.” This statute, however, does not permit substituted consent by providers for medical treatment in all cases. For example, it would not permit consent to psychiatric
treatment (which is governed by the Mental Health Procedures Act, 50 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 7101 et seq.), to AIDS/HIV testing (which is governed by 35 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 7605), or to medical treatment when an individual is refusing treatment. A service provider also cannot consent to the cessation of life- preserving treatment (i.e., treatment to save the life of a person who is not in an end-of-life situation).

Once appointed, the guardian is legally bound to act in the individual’s best interests. Guardians can be given specific authorities, such as the authority to handle the financial and legal affairs of the individual, or they may be granted larger authority, depending on the needs of the individual.

Setting up a legal guardianship can sometimes get complex, especially if other family members are not in agreement as to who the guardian should be. That is why the assistance of a Pennsylvania guardianship attorney is so valuable. John B Whalen Jr has been serving the people of Pennsylvania for over 30 years, and brings compassion and knowledge to the guardianship process.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Incapacitated Person

A Pennsylvania court may appoint a guardian of the person and/or of the estate for an individual who lives in Pennsylvania and a guardian of the estate for a person who has property in Pennsylvania if it determines after a hearing that the individual is “incapacitated.”

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Proposed Guardian

Any qualified individual, corporate fiduciary, non-profit corporation, or county agency may serve as guardian. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(f).

If no other person is willing or qualified to serve, a guardianship support agency may be appointed by the court. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5553(a). If appropriate, the court shall give preference to a person suggested by the incapacitated person. Id.; Estate of Haertsch, 649 A.2d 719, 720 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1994).

The guardian must not have interests that conflict with those of the incapacitated person unless no alternative exists. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(f); see also Wilhelm v. Wilhelm, 657 A.2d 34, 49 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1995) (son of incapacitated person may be inappropriate guardian where son stands to benefit from money remaining in bank account upon father’s death and where there is history of hostile relationship between children and parents).

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Petition

An interested person may file a petition in the Orphans Court for the appointment of a guardian for a person or the person’s estate.

The person who files the petition (the “petitioner”) must personally serve the person for who a guardian is sought (the “respondent”) with a copy of the petition and written notice of the time, date, and place of the proposed hearing at least 20 days prior to the hearing.

All guardianship petitions must include the following information (20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(e).).

• the name, age, residence, and post office address of the respondent;
• the names and addresses of the respondent’s spouse, parent(s), and presumptive adult heirs;
• the name and address of the person or institution providing residential services to the respondent;
• the names and addresses of other persons or entities that provide services to the respondent;
• the name and address of the person or entity whom the petitioner asks to be
• appointed as the guardian;
• an averment that the proposed guardian has no interest that is adverse to the respondent;
• the qualifications of the proposed guardian;
• the reasons why guardianship is sought;
• a description of the functional limitations and physical and mental condition of the respondent;
• the steps taken to find less restrictive alternatives; and
• the specific areas of incapacity over which the petitioner requests that the guardian be assigned powers.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Notice

The petitioner must complete a notice when the Alleged Incapacitated Person is served with the petition. They also must inform the respondent of his or her right to request the appointment of counsel and to have paid counsel appointed, if appropriate. The petition also must give notice to other interested parties, such as family members. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(a).

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Counsel

A respondent may hire or retain counsel to represent him or her in a guardianship proceeding. The petitioner has an obligation to determine whether counsel has been retained by or for the respondent and must notify the court at least 7 days prior to the hearing if the respondent does not have counsel. The court, “in appropriate cases,” may appoint counsel at no cost to the respondent if counsel has not otherwise been retained to represent the respondent. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(a).

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Hearing

In determining whether the respondent is incapacitated, the court must consider, among other things, the nature of the respondent’s disability and the extent of the person’s capacity to make or communicate decisions. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5512.1(a).

The petitioner must present testimony from an individual qualified by training and experience in evaluating individuals with the respondent’s alleged incapacities that establishes the nature and extent of the respondent’s incapacities and disabilities; the respondent’s mental, emotional, and physical condition; the respondent’s adaptive behavior; and the respondent’s social skills. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5518.

In addition, the petitioner must present evidence regarding:

• the services being utilized to meet the essential requirements for the respondent’s physical health and safety;
• the services being utilized to manage the respondent’s financial resources;
• the services being utilized to develop or regain the respondent’s abilities;
• the types of assistance required by the respondent;
• why no less restrictive alternatives would be appropriate; and
• the probability that the extent of the person’s incapacities may significantly lessen or change.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Testimony

To prove incapacity, the petitioner must present testimony from an individual qualified by training and experience in evaluating individuals with the respondent’s alleged incapacities that establishes:

• the nature and extent of the respondent’s incapacities and disabilities;
• the respondent’s mental, emotional, and physical condition;
• the respondent’s adaptive behavior; and
• the respondent’s social skills. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5518.

In addition, the petitioner must present evidence regarding:

• the services being used to meet the essential requirements for the respondent’s physical health and safety;
• the services being used to manage the respondent’s financial resources;
• the services being used to develop or regain the respondent’s abilities;
• the types of assistance required by the respondent;
• why no less restrictive alternative to guardianship would be appropriate; and,
• the probability that the extent of the person’s incapacities may significantly lessen or change.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Limited vs. Plenary

The court will prefer to appoint a “limited guardian” if the respondent is partially incapacitated, but needs guardianship services. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5512.1(a)(6)

The court may appoint a “plenary guardian” of the person and/or estate only upon specific findings that the person is totally incapacitated and in need of plenary guardianship services. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. §§ 5512.1(c), 5512.1(e).

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Model Court Accountings

Because the Guardian of the Estate is personally responsible for errors, filing a Model Court Formal Accounting each year is an extremely good – and virtually expected – idea. However, the Judge must approve the expense. Generally, the reasonable costs are reimbursable. This includes the cost of an Estate Planning Lawyer assembling and submitting the accounting. Professional Guardians, recognizing their liability, regularly file formal accounts.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Considerations

In a guardianship case, the interests of many parties need to be considered. First and foremost are the interests of the individual who needs the Pa Guardianship.

Yet that’s just one aspect of a guardianship case. Sometimes the children or loved ones of the individual are not in agreement about who should be the guardian. In other cases, the individual who needs support may not be willing to accept it, and the case may need to go to court to prove that guardianship is required.

Public benefits, such as Social Security Disability and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), can be managed without a guardian through the appointment of a representative payee.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Limitations

No Pa Guardian possesses the following powers, unless they are specifically and expressly authorized by the court:

• to consent to an abortion, sterilization, psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy or removal of a healthy body organ;
• to prohibit marriage or consent to divorce; or
• to consent to any experimental biomedical or behavioral medical procedure or be part of any biomedical or behavioral experiment.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Health Care Agents

If the guardian is different than the health care agent, the health care agent is accountable to the guardian as well as the individual who made the advance directive. The guardian has the same power to revoke or amend the appointment of a health care agent, but does not have the
authority to revoke the advance directive or to amend its terms or instructions without judicial authorization.

Norristown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Compassion

The guardianship process can be filled with emotions. Realizing that a loved one is no longer capable of caring for his or her self can be difficult to accept. That’s why you need an attorney who offers legal services with compassion.

For the past three decades, I have built a reputation for providing compassionate legal care for his clients, putting their needs and interests first while navigating emotionally trying circumstances.

If you or someone you love needs the help of a legal guardian, I am ready to help.

---

John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 8 Longwood Drive Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Introduction

There are circumstances when the appointment of a guardian is unavoidable. As there are simpler alternatives to a Pa Guardianship, one should only initiate guardianship proceedings after a problem has been identified for which there is no alternative solution.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Statute

A Pennsylvania court may appoint a “guardian of the person” for an individual who lives in Pennsylvania and a “guardian of the estate” for a person who has property in Pennsylvania if it determines after a hearing that the individual is “incapacitated” (previously referred to as “incompetent”).

An incapacitated person is: [A]n adult whose ability to of an appropriate court therefore.” 50 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 4417(c). This provision has been construed to apply to health care decisions that involve procedures other than “elective surgery.” This statute, however, does not permit substituted consent by providers for medical treatment in all cases. For example, it would not permit consent to psychiatric
treatment (which is governed by the Mental Health Procedures Act, 50 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 7101 et seq.), to AIDS/HIV testing (which is governed by 35 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 7605), or to medical treatment when an individual is refusing treatment. A service provider also cannot consent to the cessation of life- preserving treatment (i.e., treatment to save the life of a person who is not in an end-of-life situation).

Once appointed, the guardian is legally bound to act in the individual’s best interests. Guardians can be given specific authorities, such as the authority to handle the financial and legal affairs of the individual, or they may be granted larger authority, depending on the needs of the individual.

Setting up a legal guardianship can sometimes get complex, especially if other family members are not in agreement as to who the guardian should be. That is why the assistance of a Pennsylvania guardianship attorney is so valuable. John B Whalen Jr has been serving the people of Pennsylvania for over 30 years, and brings compassion and knowledge to the guardianship process.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Incapacitated Person

A Pennsylvania court may appoint a guardian of the person and/or of the estate for an individual who lives in Pennsylvania and a guardian of the estate for a person who has property in Pennsylvania if it determines after a hearing that the individual is “incapacitated.”

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Proposed Guardian

Any qualified individual, corporate fiduciary, non-profit corporation, or county agency may serve as guardian. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(f).

If no other person is willing or qualified to serve, a guardianship support agency may be appointed by the court. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5553(a). If appropriate, the court shall give preference to a person suggested by the incapacitated person. Id.; Estate of Haertsch, 649 A.2d 719, 720 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1994).

The guardian must not have interests that conflict with those of the incapacitated person unless no alternative exists. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(f); see also Wilhelm v. Wilhelm, 657 A.2d 34, 49 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1995) (son of incapacitated person may be inappropriate guardian where son stands to benefit from money remaining in bank account upon father’s death and where there is history of hostile relationship between children and parents).

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Petition

An interested person may file a petition in the Orphans Court for the appointment of a guardian for a person or the person’s estate.

The person who files the petition (the “petitioner”) must personally serve the person for who a guardian is sought (the “respondent”) with a copy of the petition and written notice of the time, date, and place of the proposed hearing at least 20 days prior to the hearing.

All guardianship petitions must include the following information (20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(e).).

• the name, age, residence, and post office address of the respondent;
• the names and addresses of the respondent’s spouse, parent(s), and presumptive adult heirs;
• the name and address of the person or institution providing residential services to the respondent;
• the names and addresses of other persons or entities that provide services to the respondent;
• the name and address of the person or entity whom the petitioner asks to be
• appointed as the guardian;
• an averment that the proposed guardian has no interest that is adverse to the respondent;
• the qualifications of the proposed guardian;
• the reasons why guardianship is sought;
• a description of the functional limitations and physical and mental condition of the respondent;
• the steps taken to find less restrictive alternatives; and
• the specific areas of incapacity over which the petitioner requests that the guardian be assigned powers.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Notice

The petitioner must complete a notice when the Alleged Incapacitated Person is served with the petition. They also must inform the respondent of his or her right to request the appointment of counsel and to have paid counsel appointed, if appropriate. The petition also must give notice to other interested parties, such as family members. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(a).

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Counsel

A respondent may hire or retain counsel to represent him or her in a guardianship proceeding. The petitioner has an obligation to determine whether counsel has been retained by or for the respondent and must notify the court at least 7 days prior to the hearing if the respondent does not have counsel. The court, “in appropriate cases,” may appoint counsel at no cost to the respondent if counsel has not otherwise been retained to represent the respondent. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5511(a).

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Hearing

In determining whether the respondent is incapacitated, the court must consider, among other things, the nature of the respondent’s disability and the extent of the person’s capacity to make or communicate decisions. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5512.1(a).

The petitioner must present testimony from an individual qualified by training and experience in evaluating individuals with the respondent’s alleged incapacities that establishes the nature and extent of the respondent’s incapacities and disabilities; the respondent’s mental, emotional, and physical condition; the respondent’s adaptive behavior; and the respondent’s social skills. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5518.

In addition, the petitioner must present evidence regarding:

• the services being utilized to meet the essential requirements for the respondent’s physical health and safety;
• the services being utilized to manage the respondent’s financial resources;
• the services being utilized to develop or regain the respondent’s abilities;
• the types of assistance required by the respondent;
• why no less restrictive alternatives would be appropriate; and
• the probability that the extent of the person’s incapacities may significantly lessen or change.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – The Testimony

To prove incapacity, the petitioner must present testimony from an individual qualified by training and experience in evaluating individuals with the respondent’s alleged incapacities that establishes:

• the nature and extent of the respondent’s incapacities and disabilities;
• the respondent’s mental, emotional, and physical condition;
• the respondent’s adaptive behavior; and
• the respondent’s social skills. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5518.

In addition, the petitioner must present evidence regarding:

• the services being used to meet the essential requirements for the respondent’s physical health and safety;
• the services being used to manage the respondent’s financial resources;
• the services being used to develop or regain the respondent’s abilities;
• the types of assistance required by the respondent;
• why no less restrictive alternative to guardianship would be appropriate; and,
• the probability that the extent of the person’s incapacities may significantly lessen or change.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Limited vs. Plenary

The court will prefer to appoint a “limited guardian” if the respondent is partially incapacitated, but needs guardianship services. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5512.1(a)(6)

The court may appoint a “plenary guardian” of the person and/or estate only upon specific findings that the person is totally incapacitated and in need of plenary guardianship services. 20 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. §§ 5512.1(c), 5512.1(e).

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Model Court Accountings

Because the Guardian of the Estate is personally responsible for errors, filing a Model Court Formal Accounting each year is an extremely good – and virtually expected – idea. However, the Judge must approve the expense. Generally, the reasonable costs are reimbursable. This includes the cost of an Estate Planning Lawyer assembling and submitting the accounting. Professional Guardians, recognizing their liability, regularly file formal accounts.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Considerations

In a guardianship case, the interests of many parties need to be considered. First and foremost are the interests of the individual who needs the Pa Guardianship.

Yet that’s just one aspect of a guardianship case. Sometimes the children or loved ones of the individual are not in agreement about who should be the guardian. In other cases, the individual who needs support may not be willing to accept it, and the case may need to go to court to prove that guardianship is required.

Public benefits, such as Social Security Disability and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), can be managed without a guardian through the appointment of a representative payee.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Limitations

No Pa Guardian possesses the following powers, unless they are specifically and expressly authorized by the court:

• to consent to an abortion, sterilization, psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy or removal of a healthy body organ;
• to prohibit marriage or consent to divorce; or
• to consent to any experimental biomedical or behavioral medical procedure or be part of any biomedical or behavioral experiment.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Health Care Agents

If the guardian is different than the health care agent, the health care agent is accountable to the guardian as well as the individual who made the advance directive. The guardian has the same power to revoke or amend the appointment of a health care agent, but does not have the
authority to revoke the advance directive or to amend its terms or instructions without judicial authorization.

Doylestown Pa Guardianships Lawyers – Compassion

The guardianship process can be filled with emotions. Realizing that a loved one is no longer capable of caring for his or her self can be difficult to accept. That’s why you need an attorney who offers legal services with compassion.

For the past three decades, I have built a reputation for providing compassionate legal care for his clients, putting their needs and interests first while navigating emotionally trying circumstances.

If you or someone you love needs the help of a legal guardian, I am ready to help.

---

John B. Whalen, Jr., JD., LL.M., is an AV Peer Review Rated Preeminent 5.0 and Avvo Rated 10.0 Superb (obtaining over 95 client reviews and peer endorsements) premier and prestigious Attorney and Counselor at Law. He is located at 8 Longwood Drive Wayne Pa 19087. He serves all surrounding counties, on all 7 days, from 9:00 AM to 10:00 PM, and on evenings, weekends, and holidays. He provides free initial consults all seven days, provides home visits, and provides flat fee structures. He can be reached by email at jw60297@me.com, and by telephone at 1-610-999-2157. He has amassed over 60 prestigious and premier professional awards and over 5000 client reviews and endorsements.