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Wayne Pa Estate Taxation
When an individual acts in a fiduciary capacity such as a Pa Executor of a Pa Last Will or a Pa Trustee of the financial assets of another person or entity, they have the responsibility of keeping accurate financial records.
Those records should show how money was spent, invested or distributed while under the fiduciary’s care and control. Proper accounting can bring to light the mismanagement or bad investment of funds should an issue arise with an interested party.
Interests Served
There can be a number of interested parties who may want to examine the financial records and approved fiduciary accountings. They are entitled to receive copies of all the materials such as profit and loss statements, expense reports and tax returns. You may request documentation if you are:
- a beneficiary of an estate or trust
- a principal of an agent acting on your behalf
- a minor whose care is being administered through a third party fiduciary agent
- the court who must evaluate financial matters in relation to a trust or estate
Approved Fiduciary Accountings
Certain procedures must be followed when reports are prepared to explain how the assets in an estate or trust were managed. Approved fiduciary accountings require the separation of principal and interest. You can not commingle funds that are considered principal with those that are considered income.
- Principal = original investment + capital gains – capital losses – expenses – distributions
- Income = money generated from the investment or use of principal
The main reason for keeping principal and income in separate accounts is that the beneficiaries of income in a trust or estate may be different than the beneficiaries of the principal in the same estate or trust.
Fiduciary Tax Returns – Form 1041
A trust or an estate is considered a separate legal entity from an individual who may be a beneficiary of that trust or estate. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the fiduciary administering the estate or trust to file a federal tax return under certain conditions.
The IRS requires a trust to file a tax return if it has any taxable income or has gross income of at least $600, regardless of whether it is taxable or not. Estates must file Form 1041 if they have gross income of $600 or more. A fiduciary must also file a return if any of the beneficiaries of the estate or trust is a non-resident alien.
Form 1041 is similar to the 1040 return used by individuals. The form is designed so estates and trusts can report income, deductions, gains, losses and any other pertinent financial information. Before funds or assets can be distributed, any tax liabilities of the estate or trust must be satisfied.
Closing Out a Fiduciary Relationship
Once all of the assets of an estate or trust have been distributed or otherwise settled, it is customary that the fiduciary is released from further responsibility. That may be done by signing a release form through the court or an agreement with the beneficiaries of the estate or trust.
The Income Taxes
Individuals make income; Estates make income
Individual income is called just that Individual Income
Estate (and Trust) income is called Fiduciary Income
Pa Estate Taxation – Income Tax Calculations
In general, income and deductions for Individuals and Estates is
Decided in the same manner
Calculated in the same manner Reported in the same manner
Pa Estate Taxation – Income Tax Return Filings
Filing Requirements
Individuals must file Individual Income Tax returns
Estates (and Trusts) must file Fiduciary Income Tax returns
Pa Estate Taxation – Income Tax Returns – Note
For further reference, the IRS website states that:
The U.S. Income Tax Return for Estates and Trusts (Form 1041) is used
to report the income, deductions, gains, and losses of estates and trusts,
as well as distributions to beneficiaries and income tax liability.